PREPOSITIONS (The Future)

PREPOSITIONS (The Future)

Prepositions

Preposition (preposition) is a word that can not change its shape and is usually placed in front of a noun or noun (noun-equivalent, including pronouns) to show a particular relationship with the other words of the sentence.

Noun or noun equivalent is called an object:

I put the book on the table. I put the book on the table

The word on the sentence is a preposition (preposition).

A. Adverb, a phrase, or a noun clause that can be used as an object for the preposition.

1) The word description of an object

Some adverbs of time or space can be used as an object for the preposition that shows the relationship of time or place:

Example: He has studied hard from then till now. He had studied diligently from that time until now

2) expression as an object

Adverbial expressions (ie expressions that do not end with a preposition or conjunction) can be used as an object for the preposition:

Example: She did not return till about a week afterwards. He did not return until about a week later

3) noun clause (noun clause) as objects

Noun clause (the clause that does the job noun) can be the object of the preposition to in the same way as nouns and pronouns:

Example: My departure will depend upon Whether I get leave or not. Departure will depend on whether I leave or do not have permission

B. Forms preposition

1) Simple preposition (single preposition)

after (post), at (in, on), by (by, on, by, near), for (for, for, for, for), from (out of), of (from, of, since), over (above), on (on, on), in (on, in), through (through), to (to, to), off (off, away), till / until (up, up), under (below), up (up, down), with (a, the), and so on.

2) Double preposition (preposition double)

Double preposition used when a single preposition is not enough to express understanding.

into (into), onto (above), from under (from the bottom), from among (from the), from off (off), from within (from the inside), over against (lean / to), and so on.

3) Compound preposition (preposition combined)

It was formed from the noun, adjective or adverb which combined with the preposition "be" (= by) or "a" (= on)

across (on cross = across), long (long), amidst (on middle = in the middle), behind (in back), about (around, about), above (above), before (in advance) , amongst (among more than two), below (below), beneath (below), beside (next, next), besides (in addition), between (among the two), beyond (outside), but (except), within (inside), without (without).

4) Participal preposition (preposition participle)

§   pending = pending

§   during = for, at the time

§   Notwithstanding = though

§   past = past

§   except = except

§   save = save

§   considering = recall

§   touching = concerning = regarding = on

§   owing to = because

5) Phrase preposition (prepositional phrase)

Two or more words that are usually arranged in a series of words that end with prepositions and single quotable phrase preposition.

§   Because of = caused by, for

§   by means of = by using

§   by reason of = because, associated with

§   for the purpose of = with intent

§   for the sake of = for

§   in consequence of = because

§   In lieu of = as a substitute

§   in place of = as a substitute

§   In point of = on

§   in Behalf of = for the sake of

§   In the event of = if (if only), in the case, when

§   in the place of = as a substitute

§   In view of = because, given

§   in front of = in advance

§   in Opposition to = opposite

§   in spite of = despite

§   instead of = as a substitute for, rather than

§   on account of = because

§   On Behalf of = the name

§   on the score of = because

§   upon the subject of = on

§   with a view to = with intent to

§   with reference to = respect to

§   with regard to = relating to, the

§   with regard to the relation to =

§   with respect to = relating to, the

§   with the pupose of = with intent

6) disquised preposition (preposition hidden)

He has gone a-hunting. He had gone hunting

C. Use of prepositions

1) Differences of care that is often confusing prepositions

At, in (place = place)

In typically used in front of the country and the big city, or in front of the name of the place where a person at the time of speaking. While at worn in front of the small towns and villages, or when talking about a place far away.

§   I passed my holidays at peak. I miss the day-to-day off at the Top

§   He lives in London. She lives in London

At, in, on (time = time)

At worn with the right timing, for example, at two o'clock, at dawn, at noon, at sunset, at midnight, and so on. In use with a passage of time, for example in the morning, in June, in summer, in 1997, in the year 1997 and so on. On worn by the name of the day or date, for example, on Saturday, on August 10, on New Year's Day, and so on.

§   I usually get up at six o'clock. I usually get up at six o'clock

§   He takes a walk in the afternoon. He was a walk in the afternoon

§   The ship will arrive on Monday. The ship will arrive on Monday

At, for (price = price)

At used if the money was not given. Meanwhile, if the money is used for the actual mentioned.

§   I can not buy the goods at such a high price. I can not buy it at a price so high

§   He bought a book for ten dollars. He bought the book at a price of ten dollars

Beside, besides

Beside means next to, beside. Meanwhile, besides means in addition, besides.

§   He came and sat beside me. He came and sat next to me

§   We study German besides English. We studied the German language other than English

Between, among

Between is used for between two people, while among more than two

§   I sat between the two of them. I sat down between them both

§   Divide the apple among you three. Divide apples among you three

By, with

1.         something when we USE TO DO something: I paint the wall with brush

2.         When we DO TO JOIN someone something: Jimmy goes to school with his sister

3.         We may also use "with" to meand "against": I quarrelled with my best friend.

By dealing with the perpetrator, whereas with the device used

§   This book was written by me. The book is written

§   This letter was written with a fountain pen. This letter was written with a pen

By, before, since

All this used to a certain extent.

§   You must be back by five o'clock. You have to go back before five

§   She did not get back before five o'clock. He did not return before five

§   She has been here since five o'clock. He had been here since five

In, after

§   I will finish it in three hours. I'll finish it in three hours

§   He winner! After a few days. After a few days he died

In, into

§   She spent all the afternoon in her room. He spent the whole afternoon in his room

§   She came into the room and sat down. He entered into the room and sat

To, at

To be used to express the movement from one place to another, while at used to indicate the position or absence of motion.

§   We come to school every morning. We came to school every morning

§   Somebody is standing at the door. Someone was standing at the door

To, till

To be used with distance and till the time.

§   We walked to the the tennis court and back. We walked to the tennis court and back

§   I shall stay here till next week. I will stay here until next week

2) The difference in general use prepositions according to what is stated

Rhyme or reason stated by of, from, through, for, Because of, in consequence of or owing to.

Example:

§   He winner! Of cancer. He died from cancer

§   He almost winner! From fatigue. He nearly died of exhaustion

§   She could not speak for grief. He could not speak for grief

§   Owing to bad health, be could not work. Due to ill health, he was unable to work

Result declared by the preposition to.

Example:

§   To our surprise, he was not successful. Surprisingly for us, he did not succeed

§   The king has engaged in war to his ruin. The king has fought thus resulting fall

Possession is expressed by the preposition of, unless the genitive suffix used to

this purpose.

Example: The house of my uncle is very big. My uncle's house is very big

Exchange, or the fact of the object / creature disalahkirakan / thought the object / creature to another, expressed by for.

Example: She gave me two dollars for that book. He gave me two dollars as a replacement for the book

Substitution / replacement is expressed by a prepositional phrase instead of, in lieu of, in the place of, and sometimes by the preposition for.

Example: You had better work instead of idling away your time. You better work than to waste your time

Pronouns are words used instead of nouns. Pronoun is a word used instead of a noun

Antagonism or opposition expressed by with or against, while the actions agreed otherwise by for.

Example:

§   He was deeply offended with me. He was very angry with

§   I did it against my better judgment. I did it against better pertimbanganku

§   They ACTED for the public interest. They act in the public interest

The difference or contrast is expressed by with, for, after, Notwithstanding, and sometimes by a phrase such as in spite of.

Example:

§   With all his weight he is not a strong man. Although he was so heavy he is not strong

§   He is a good man, for all that. Even so he was a good man

§   After all his labor, he has failed. Although he works bloody murder, he still fails

Adjustment or compatibility expressed by after or to.

Example:

§   He's a man after my own heart. He was a man who matched the feeling of my heart

§   This coffee is quite to my taste. This fit right in with the coffee taste

Exceptions stated by except, but, save.

Example:

§   All failed except him. Unless he have all failed

§   All three but you may go. All three of us should go unless you

§   All save one were successful. All work unless a

Picture revealed by the apposition of.

Example:

§   The city of Jakarta. Jakarta

§   The island of Bali. Island of Bali

Materials, content and nature expressed by the preposition of.

Example:

§   Tables are Usually made of wood. Table is usually made of wood

§   He drinks a cup of coffe every morning. He drank a cup of coffee every morning

§   He is a man of good character. He was a good character

Assessment anything or interest (interest) is expressed by the preposition at.

Example:

§   This must be done at any rate. However this must be done

§   He lends out money at three per cent. He lent money to the relationship three percent

Dose or size stated by the preposition by.

Example: Do not judge of a man by his words or by his looks. Do not judge a man by his words or apparently

Limit or standard expressed by the preposition to or up to.

Example:

§   He paid his debts to the last cent. He paid his debts until paid at all

§   He remained faithful to the last. He remained faithful to the last moment

Subject, the subject expressed by of, on, about, concerning, as to, regarding, in regard to, with regard to, in respect to.

Example:

§   This is a book about Proverbs. This is a book of proverbs

§   I have no preference as to color. About the color for me it does not matter

§   I have something to say in respect to our business. There's something I want to tell you about our business

Conclusion, the reason (motive), and the source is expressed by the preposition from.

Example:

§   From what I have seen of him, he seems to be a good man. According to my observations to him, apparently he was a good

§   He did it from ignorance. He did so because of ignorance

§   He is sprung from a noble Ancestry. He was descended from royalty

Direction or goals expressed by the preposition at, on, upon, for and to.

Example:

§   The Troops marched on the town. The troops marched to the city

§   He aimed his gun at the wild boar. He aimed the rifle to the boar

Appointment to the purpose, subject matter or a particular special case stated by of and in, and the preposition is usually preceded by certain adjectives.

Example:

§   He's free of responsibility. He is free from responsibility

§   He's honest in word and deed. He was honest in word and deed

Balancing expressed by to, and comparison is expressed by than.

Example:

§   I will bet you five to one on his success. I'll bet five to one for its success

§   He did nothing else than laugh. Besides laughing he did not do anything else

Jobs or positions expressed by at, in or about.

Example:

§   He is at his old tricks again. He began again with his wiles as ever

§   He engaged himself in business. He is doing trading business

§   You may go about your business. You must do the work yourself

The swearing expressed by the preposition by.

Example: I swear by the name of God. I swear in the name of God

Preparation for a specific event that is coming soon declared by against.

Example: Get all the men together against the arrival of the chief. Call all the men together to welcome the arrival of the chief

The mention of a certain portion of the total turns as stated by of.

Example: Many of the wounded did not recover. Many of the people whose wounds do not heal

Differentiation people or objects from one another, expressed from.

Example: He can tell apples from peaches. He can distinguish an apple from a peach

Separation or the fact that the objects one is outside or apart from the others, expressed sometimes by from, of or off and sometimes by out of.

Example:

§   He's away from home. He was away from home

§   He was within an inch of being killed by a random shot. He was nearly killed by indiscriminate gunfire

§   We are off duty today, but shall on duty again tomorrow. Today we are off duty, but tomorrow will be on duty again

The advantages stated above and the nature of the low or non-compliance stated by beneath.

Example:

§   He is above suspicion. He is free from harm

§   His conduct is beneath contempt. Too contemptible behavior

Authority or power given by conquest or over and under the circumstances stated by the authority or under the influence.

Example:

§   Since you have been placed over me, I must obey. Since you are standing on top of me, I must obey